Raw Mark (Māka To’ofua) mo e Standardized Score (Māka Tulifua) Konga 3 Featured
Dr. Helu (Siosia Langitoto Helu), Puleako Tonga International Aacademy
Raw Mark (Māka To’ofua) mo e Standardized Score (Māka Tulifua) Konga 3
Fa’u ‘e Helu Dr. Siosaia Langitoto Helu
Na’e kamata foki ‘eku fakatalanoa ki he raw mark mo e standard score (ko e standardized score ‘a e lea totonu ke ngāue’aki) mei he natula mo e tefito’i fakakaukau ‘o hono liliu ‘o e me’a ngāue motu’a ko ia ko e raw mark ki he me’a ngāue ‘o e kuonga ko e standard score. Ko ‘eku taumu’a ke fai hano fakamaama ‘o e fonua ‘i he kaveinga ko eni kuo fuofuoloa hono tālanga’i. Na’a ku fakamahino ‘oku ‘ikai ha’a ku ‘ilo ki he founga totonu ‘oku fai’aki e fakahoko ngāue ‘a e Potungāue Ako neongo neu ‘osi fakahoko ‘eku fie tokoni ke vete ‘a e polopalema koia na’aku fanongo kiai.
Kuo maama mai foki e me’a lahi ‘o kau ai hono fakatonga’i ‘o e raw mark koe maaka to’ofua mo e standard(ized) score ko e maaka tulifua. Ko eni kuo kamata ke tau hu atu ki he loki mīsini ‘oku fai mei ai ‘a e liliu maaka pea ‘oku ou fakamālō atu ‘i he fakamatala tokoni lahi ne tuku mei a Fongoloa mo e Vai ‘oku mahino pe foki na’e faiako ‘i he kolisi. ‘Oku ou faka’amu pe ‘e lahiange tohi ‘e ma’u mei he kau faiako mo ha kau ngāue tonu he ‘ofisi ako koe’uhi ke tau ‘ilo kānokato e me’a totonu ‘oku hoko kae lava ke tonu ‘e tau faka’uta ki ha founga ke tāfakatatau’aki e liliu maaka ke ma’u ha fotunga ‘oku potupotutatau kae fiemālie ki ai e fonua.
Ko e ‘u me’a eni ‘oku ou fakama’opo’opo ki ai e tohi ‘a Fongoloa mo e Vai: (1) ‘Oku ‘i ai e ngaahi ‘ekuasi ‘oku ngāue’aki ‘i ho no liliu ‘o e maaka to’ofua (raw mark) ki he maaka tulifua (standard score); (2) Na’e ngāue’aki e liliu maaka ki he sivi PSSC ‘a e ‘Otu Motu Pasifiki ‘a ia na’e fai e ngāue mei Fisi; (3) ‘Oku ngāue’aki e “mark on a curve” (‘a ia ko e normal curve pe ia ‘oku fakanounou pe ko e curve) ki he liliu ‘o kau ai mo e tukuhifo (scale down), tuku hake (scale up), mo e peseti pau ‘oku tomu’a vahe ki he fakakalasi (grade: A-, B+, B, B-, C+, C, C-, ‘o faai hifo ai); (4) ‘Oku ‘i ai mo e Internal Assessment (IA) ‘e fakataha’i mo e raw mark (maaka to’ofua) ‘o toki ma’u mei ai e “final assessment grade” (fakakalasi) ‘a ia ko e A+, A, A-, B+, B, B-, C+, C, C- ‘o faai hifo ai; (5) Ne tau mavahe mai he 2012 mei Fisi; (6) Na’e toki hoko pe polopalema ‘i he liliu maaka he ngaahi ta’u mai ki mui ni ‘i he to lalo ‘a e sivi pea lahi hono hiki e maaka (scale up), pea na’e fakamo’oni’i ‘i hono fakafoki e tamaiki mei Fisi he ta’u kuo ‘osi ke toe fakalelei’i; (7) Ko e (6) ko e ola ‘o e to lalo e raw mark (maaka to’ofua) ‘o e tokolahi ‘o ne fusi hifo ai e ‘avalisi (mean) ki lalo pea ‘i hono liliu ki he standard score (maaka tulifua) na’a ne fufuu’i ‘a e to lalo e maaka ‘o toki ‘ilo mei he USP ‘a ia ko e fo’ui pe ola kovi ia ‘o hono ngāue’aki ‘o e standard score (maaka tulifua); (8) Na’e ‘ikai lava ‘e he standard score (maaka tulifua) ‘o fakafofonga’i lelei e tu’unga mahino mo e ‘ilo ‘a e tamaiki ako; (9) Makatu’unga ‘i he (8) ne kole leva ai e kau faiako ke fakafoki mai e raw mark (maaka to’ofua) kae lava ke nau ma’u ha fakafuofua ki he tu’unga ‘oku ‘iai e mahino mo e ‘ilo ‘a e tamaiki ako.
Teu fakama’ala’ala atu mei he tohi ‘a Fongoloa moe Vai ‘a e (6) - (9), pea teu toki foki ki he (1) – (5) ‘i he’eku tohi hoko, ‘o anga pehe ni:
(6) mo e (7): Ko e standard(ized) score (maaka tulifua) na’a ku ‘oatu hono ‘uhinga mo e founga hono fika’i na’e ‘ikai kau ai ha hiki hake (scale up) pe tuku hifo (scale down) koe’uhi ko e to lalo ‘a e maaka to’ofua (raw mark). Kapau kuo ngalo, ko e ‘uhinga e standard score ko ha me’afua tau’atāina ‘oku ne: (1) tala e tu’unga ‘o e manatu mo e mahino ‘a e tokotaha na’a ne fai ha sivi; (2) fai e fakahoa ‘i he va ‘o ha ngaahi lesoni ko ha ola ‘o e sivi ‘a ha tokotaha, pe ‘i he va ‘o ha ni’ihi na’a nau sivi ‘i ha lesoni tatau, pea ‘e lava foki ke fa’u mei ai ha fakama’opo’opo ke ne fakahoko ha fakahoa ‘i ha tu’unga ‘oku toe fihiange.
Ko e ‘uhinga eni ‘oku kole ai e ‘avalisi mei he maaka to’ofua pea toki vahevahe’aki e ‘avalisi ‘o e feliliuaki ‘i hono fika’i ‘o e maaka tulifua, ke ‘ave lesoni kotoa ki he tu’unga tatau, ‘a ia ko e fa’ahinga fokotu’utu’u ‘oku hangē ha fafangu (bell-shape) pe koia ‘oku ‘iloa ko e “normal” ko hono ‘avalisi ko e 0 (noa) pea ko e ‘avalisi feliliuaki ko e 1 (taha).
Ko e tu’unga foki ‘oku ‘i ai e fakatalanoa ‘oku fai ‘oku ‘ikai faingofua ka neongo ia ko e founga pe eni ‘oku ala ke fai ai hano tālanga’i ‘o e me’a ni. ‘Oku ou faka’amu pe keu fakamahino ko e puipuitu’a ‘o e standard(ized) score ko e taha ia ‘o e ngaahi makatuliki ‘o e fika-sitatisitika ‘a ia ‘oku ui ko e “Central Limit Theorem”. ‘Oku ‘uhinga ki he fiema’u ke tokolahi e tamaiki ‘oku sivi ‘i ha lesoni ‘o ka ‘oku ‘ikai ke potupotutatau ‘a e fokotu’utu’u ‘o hangē ha fafangu pea mo e malava ke liliu ko ia ke “normal” ‘avalisi ko e 0 (noa) pea ‘avalisi feliliuaki ko e 1 (taha).
Kaikehe, (8) mo e (9): ‘Oku ‘ikai keu tui ‘oku totonu ke ma’u ha laiseni faiako ‘a ha taha ‘oku ‘ikai ke ne lava ‘o lau e laini mata’ifika (number line). Ko e standard score (maaka tulifua) ‘oku fokotu’utu’u ‘o toloto ‘i he laini mata’ifika mei he -4 ki he 4. Pea kapau ‘e kouti (code) ke faingofua hono lau ‘e he tamaiki ako mo ‘e nau mātu’a pea tau pehē lipooti e -4 ko e 1 ‘a ia ko e -3 ‘e 2, -2 ‘e 3, -1 ‘e 4, 0 ‘e 5, 1 ‘e 6, 2 ‘e 7, 3 ‘e 8 pea 4 ‘e 9, ‘a ia ko e kouti fo’ou ko e 1 ki he 9. Ko fe me’a heni ‘oku faingata’a ke mahino ki he kau faiako?.
(Teu toki hoko atu)
 mo e Standardized Score (Māka Tulifua) Konga 3 "Pin It")
2 comments
-
Maloo Hausia hono kei nofo’i mai e ‘alofi ‘o ‘e tau felingiaki mo fetokoni’aki fakakaukau ko ‘etau mahu’ing’ia ‘i he kaveinga ‘oku fekau’aki hangatonu pea moe ako ‘a e hako tupu ‘o e fonua pea ‘oku malava kene uesia kovi pe lelei ‘a e fonua ‘o e kaha’u ‘o Tonga. Kaataki pe ‘oku mahino pe kia teau ‘a e faingata’a ke fakatalatala e ‘u tefito’i fakakaukau ‘oku makatu’unga ai ‘a e kehekehe ‘o e raw mark (maaka to’ofua) mo e standard(ized) score (maaka tulifua) ka ‘oku hangē ko ‘etau lea Tonga, “si’i pe lele ‘a e kaiha’a ka ‘e fai pe ha feinga”:
Tali ki he fehu’i (1): Konga (a): Kapau ko e fokotu’utu’u ‘o e kotoa ‘o e maaka to’ofua ‘oku ‘ikai ke ma’u e “bell-shape” (normal) pea ‘oku fiema’u leva ia ke a’u e tokolahi ‘o e kau sivi ki he 30 pe lahiange (‘a ia ko e ‘uhinga ia ‘o e Central Limit Theorem) kae lava ke ngāue’aki e founga na’a ku lave atu ki ai ke liliu ki he ‘avalisi (mean) 0 mo e ‘avalisi feliliuaki (variance) 1, pea ‘oku ui ia ko e “standard normal”.
Tali ki he fehu’i (1): Konga (b): Ko e ‘avalisi (mean) ‘o e raw mark, tatau ai pe ia pe na’e 30, 45, 76, pe ha maaka pe, te ne ma’u ‘e ia ‘a e standard score ko e 0, pea ‘e toki ‘alu fakahokohoko leva e standard score ‘o e ngaahi raw mark na’e ma’olungaange ‘i he ‘avalisi ki ‘olunga (‘alu hake he lau tesimale a’u ki he 1 pea hoko hake ‘o a’u ki he 2 pea hangē ko ‘eku lau ki mu’a ‘i hono ngāue’aki ‘e ngata ki he 3 pe 4) pea ko e ngaahi raw mark na’e ma’olaloange he ‘avalisi te nau holo ki he tafa’aki “negative” (faka’ilonga kole) ‘a ia ‘i he laini mata’ifika (number line) ko e ‘alu ki he to’ohema ‘o e 0. ‘A ia ‘oku ‘ikai ko ha “scale up” ia pe “scale down” ‘i hona ‘uhinga ‘o hona ngāue’aki ‘i he ‘a’ahi sivi, ‘a ia ko e taliui ki he faikehekehe pe ko ha polopalema ‘o e seti sivi. Ko ia ai kapau ‘oku to lalo e raw maaka ‘o ha lesoni ‘oku ‘ikai taliui ki ai e standard score ia, ‘oku ‘ikai ke ne hiki ‘e ia ‘a e 45 ‘o 60, ‘oku ne ‘omi ‘e ia e tu’unga ‘o e 45 ‘i he lau standard score, ‘a ia ko e lau “standard deviation”, neu ‘osi lave atu ki hono ‘uhinga.
Koe’uhi ko e ‘u nāunau ‘o e me’angāue ni ‘oku makatu’unga ia ‘i he fika mo e sitetisitika ‘oku ‘ikai faingofua ko ia ‘oku ou tuku fakakongokonga iiki atu pe ai ‘a e ‘u me’a ni ke tokoni ke ‘ave māmalie e mahino ‘a e kau lau konga ‘o e Nepituno ki ha tu’unga ‘e ala mahino lelei ai e ngaahi tefito’i fakakaukau ‘o e standard(ized) score. Ko ia ko e standard score ko e fua ia ‘o e vāmama’o ‘a e ngaahi raw mark mo honau ‘avalisi ka ‘oku lau standard deviation.
Tali ki he fehu’i 2: Ko e standard score, tau pehē ‘o Mele ko e 0, ‘oku ne tala ko e peseti ‘e 50 (pe vaeua) ‘o e tamaiki na’a nau sivi ka na’e ‘ikai ke nau ma’u e standard score 0 ‘oku ‘i lalo ‘a e tu’unga ‘e nau manatu moe mahino ‘ia Mele pea ko e peseti ‘e 50 ‘o e tamaiki na’a nau sivi ka na’e ‘ikai ke nau ma’u e standard score 0 ‘oku ‘i ‘olunga ‘a e tu’unga ‘e nau manatu moe mahino ‘ia Mele. Ko e fiema’u ko ia ke te ‘ilo ki he tu’unga ‘o ‘ete manatu mo e mahino ‘a’ata pe ‘o ‘ikai fai hano fakahoa, pea pehē foki ki he fie’ilo ‘a e kau faiako, ‘oku totonu ke ‘omi mo e peseti pea kapau ‘oku ‘ikai ‘omi pea ‘oku totonu ke fokotu’u atu ki he ma’u mafai ke ‘omi moia. Ko e me’a ‘oku ou fakamanatu atu ko e peseti ‘oku ‘ikai ko e raw mark, pea neu ‘osi lave atu ki he founga hono liliu e raw mark ki he peseti.
Fakatatau ki he fakamatala na’e ‘omi ‘e Fongoloa moe Vai (pea mo ho’o fehu’i) ‘oku kau mo e “mark on a curve” ‘i he sisitemi ‘oku ngāue’aki pea ‘oku ou faka’amu keu ‘ilo ki he kānokato ‘o e sisitemi kae lava keu ‘uta ki he polopalema.
Ko e tānaki tu’unga ko e fakahoa ‘o e tamaiki ‘i he kalasi pea ko ia ai ‘oku “fair” ange ke ngāue’aki e standard score he ‘oku ‘ikai tatau e ‘u lesoni ‘oku to’o ‘e he tamaiki pea ‘oku fiema’u leva ke liliu kotoa e raw maaka ‘i he ngāhi lesoni ke nau pauni tatau pea ko e malohinga ia ‘o e standard score.
Mālō -
Fakamalo atu ai pe kia Helu hono kei fai mai 'ae talanoa ni. Pea koe ongo ki'i fehu'i 'eni.
Koe pehee (quote from above) "Ko e ‘uhinga eni ‘oku kole ai e ‘avalisi mei he maaka to’ofua pea toki vahevahe’aki e ‘avalisi ‘o e feliliuaki ‘i hono fika’i ‘o e maaka tulifua, ke ‘ave lesoni kotoa ki he tu’unga tatau, ‘a ia ko e fa’ahinga fokotu’utu’u ‘oku hangē ha fafangu (bell-shape) pe koia ‘oku ‘iloa ko e “normal” ko hono ‘avalisi ko e 0 (noa) pea ko e ‘avalisi feliliuaki ko e 1 (taha)."
Fehu'i 'uluaki. Kapau leva koe 'osi 'ae sivi pea 'oku 'ikai ke ma'u 'ae bell-shape pea hangee koe lau, ke 'ave 'ae ola ke hangee ha bell-shape; Koe ha leva 'ae ngaahi fokotu'utu'u ko'eni 'oku fai ke ma'u 'ae bell-shape? Te tau ui ia koe Scale up kapau na'e to lalo e sivi? Pe scale down kapau na'e to 'olunga e sivi?
Fehu'i ua: Kapau leva he 'osi 'oe fo'i fokotu'utu'u fakafika ko'eni, pea 'oku tonu fakafika pe ia, 'e anga fefee leva hono lava 'ehe maaka tulifua (standardised mark) ke "(1) tala e tu’unga ‘o e manatu mo e mahino ‘a e tokotaha na’a ne fai ha sivi;"
Kapau leva na'e 45 e sivi raw-mark pe fokotu'utu'u he normal curve 'o ma'u 'ae 60 'i hono ngaue'aki e standardised score.'E anga feefee leva hono lava 'e maaka 60 ko'eni (pea mahalo pe koe code 6) 'o "(1) tala e tu’unga ‘o e manatu mo e mahino ‘a e tokotaha na’a ne fai ha sivi;"?
'Oku ou mahino'i 'ae lava 'e he standardised mark 'o fai e fakahoa ka 'oku 'ikai keu mahino'i 'ene malava ke tala e ability 'oe tokotaha sivi hangee koe fehu'i 'i 'olunga.
Malo.