“ Maloo Hausia hono kei nofo’i mai e ‘alofi ‘o ‘e tau felingiaki mo fetokoni’aki fakakaukau ko ‘etau mahu’ing’ia ‘i he kaveinga ‘oku fekau’aki hangatonu pea moe ako ‘a e hako tupu ‘o e fonua pea ‘oku malava kene uesia kovi pe lelei ‘a e fonua ‘o e kaha’u ‘o Tonga. Kaataki pe ‘oku mahino pe kia teau ‘a e faingata’a ke fakatalatala e ‘u tefito’i fakakaukau ‘oku makatu’unga ai ‘a e kehekehe ‘o e raw mark (maaka to’ofua) mo e standard(ized) score (maaka tulifua) ka ‘oku hangē ko ‘etau lea Tonga, “si’i pe lele ‘a e kaiha’a ka ‘e fai pe ha feinga”:
Tali ki he fehu’i (1): Konga (a): Kapau ko e fokotu’utu’u ‘o e kotoa ‘o e maaka to’ofua ‘oku ‘ikai ke ma’u e “bell-shape” (normal) pea ‘oku fiema’u leva ia ke a’u e tokolahi ‘o e kau sivi ki he 30 pe lahiange (‘a ia ko e ‘uhinga ia ‘o e Central Limit Theorem) kae lava ke ngāue’aki e founga na’a ku lave atu ki ai ke liliu ki he ‘avalisi (mean) 0 mo e ‘avalisi feliliuaki (variance) 1, pea ‘oku ui ia ko e “standard normal”.
Tali ki he fehu’i (1): Konga (b): Ko e ‘avalisi (mean) ‘o e raw mark, tatau ai pe ia pe na’e 30, 45, 76, pe ha maaka pe, te ne ma’u ‘e ia ‘a e standard score ko e 0, pea ‘e toki ‘alu fakahokohoko leva e standard score ‘o e ngaahi raw mark na’e ma’olungaange ‘i he ‘avalisi ki ‘olunga (‘alu hake he lau tesimale a’u ki he 1 pea hoko hake ‘o a’u ki he 2 pea hangē ko ‘eku lau ki mu’a ‘i hono ngāue’aki ‘e ngata ki he 3 pe 4) pea ko e ngaahi raw mark na’e ma’olaloange he ‘avalisi te nau holo ki he tafa’aki “negative” (faka’ilonga kole) ‘a ia ‘i he laini mata’ifika (number line) ko e ‘alu ki he to’ohema ‘o e 0. ‘A ia ‘oku ‘ikai ko ha “scale up” ia pe “scale down” ‘i hona ‘uhinga ‘o hona ngāue’aki ‘i he ‘a’ahi sivi, ‘a ia ko e taliui ki he faikehekehe pe ko ha polopalema ‘o e seti sivi. Ko ia ai kapau ‘oku to lalo e raw maaka ‘o ha lesoni ‘oku ‘ikai taliui ki ai e standard score ia, ‘oku ‘ikai ke ne hiki ‘e ia ‘a e 45 ‘o 60, ‘oku ne ‘omi ‘e ia e tu’unga ‘o e 45 ‘i he lau standard score, ‘a ia ko e lau “standard deviation”, neu ‘osi lave atu ki hono ‘uhinga.
Koe’uhi ko e ‘u nāunau ‘o e me’angāue ni ‘oku makatu’unga ia ‘i he fika mo e sitetisitika ‘oku ‘ikai faingofua ko ia ‘oku ou tuku fakakongokonga iiki atu pe ai ‘a e ‘u me’a ni ke tokoni ke ‘ave māmalie e mahino ‘a e kau lau konga ‘o e Nepituno ki ha tu’unga ‘e ala mahino lelei ai e ngaahi tefito’i fakakaukau ‘o e standard(ized) score. Ko ia ko e standard score ko e fua ia ‘o e vāmama’o ‘a e ngaahi raw mark mo honau ‘avalisi ka ‘oku lau standard deviation.
Tali ki he fehu’i 2: Ko e standard score, tau pehē ‘o Mele ko e 0, ‘oku ne tala ko e peseti ‘e 50 (pe vaeua) ‘o e tamaiki na’a nau sivi ka na’e ‘ikai ke nau ma’u e standard score 0 ‘oku ‘i lalo ‘a e tu’unga ‘e nau manatu moe mahino ‘ia Mele pea ko e peseti ‘e 50 ‘o e tamaiki na’a nau sivi ka na’e ‘ikai ke nau ma’u e standard score 0 ‘oku ‘i ‘olunga ‘a e tu’unga ‘e nau manatu moe mahino ‘ia Mele. Ko e fiema’u ko ia ke te ‘ilo ki he tu’unga ‘o ‘ete manatu mo e mahino ‘a’ata pe ‘o ‘ikai fai hano fakahoa, pea pehē foki ki he fie’ilo ‘a e kau faiako, ‘oku totonu ke ‘omi mo e peseti pea kapau ‘oku ‘ikai ‘omi pea ‘oku totonu ke fokotu’u atu ki he ma’u mafai ke ‘omi moia. Ko e me’a ‘oku ou fakamanatu atu ko e peseti ‘oku ‘ikai ko e raw mark, pea neu ‘osi lave atu ki he founga hono liliu e raw mark ki he peseti.
Fakatatau ki he fakamatala na’e ‘omi ‘e Fongoloa moe Vai (pea mo ho’o fehu’i) ‘oku kau mo e “mark on a curve” ‘i he sisitemi ‘oku ngāue’aki pea ‘oku ou faka’amu keu ‘ilo ki he kānokato ‘o e sisitemi kae lava keu ‘uta ki he polopalema.
Ko e tānaki tu’unga ko e fakahoa ‘o e tamaiki ‘i he kalasi pea ko ia ai ‘oku “fair” ange ke ngāue’aki e standard score he ‘oku ‘ikai tatau e ‘u lesoni ‘oku to’o ‘e he tamaiki pea ‘oku fiema’u leva ke liliu kotoa e raw maaka ‘i he ngāhi lesoni ke nau pauni tatau pea ko e malohinga ia ‘o e standard score.
Mālō ”