'Uhinga 'O e El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) ^Featured

‘Uluaki, ko e El Nino (Christ Child) ko e konga mafana ia (warm phase) ‘o e fekau’aki ‘a e ‘etimosifia/’atā mo e tahi/’oseni ‘oku ‘iloa ko e El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) pea ‘oku ala hoko ‘i he vaha’a taimi ko e ta’u ‘e 2 ki he 7. Ko e konga momoko (cold phase) ‘o e ENSO ‘oku ‘iloa ia ko e La Nina (Little Girl).

Ua, ‘i he taimi ‘oku hoko ai ‘a e La Nina, ‘oku toka ‘a e havili mei he hahake ki he hihifo ‘o e Pasifiki ‘o ngaue fakataha mo e ‘au ke teke ‘a e kongatahi mafana ‘oku toka ofi ‘i he ‘Ekueta ki he hihifo ‘o a’u ki he matafanga faka-hahake ‘o ‘Aositelelia mo ‘Initonisia pea ‘oku fakatupu ‘e he tahi mafana ko ‘eni ‘a e ‘ao’aofia mo e ‘uha ‘i he hihifo ‘o e Pasifiki. ‘I he taimi tatau, ‘oku momoko ‘a e tahi ‘i he hahake ‘o e Pasifiki pea hoko ai foki mo e mapuna hake (upwellings) ‘a e fafanga fakaenatula (nutrients) mei kilisitahi ‘o lahi ai hono ‘ahia ‘e he ika ko e anchovy/anchoveta ‘a e potutahi ‘o Peru mo Ecuador.

Tolu, ‘i he taimi ‘oku hoko ai ‘a e El Nino, ‘oku vaivai ‘aupito ‘a e angi ‘a e havili mei he hahake pea ‘oku mafuli ‘a e ‘au ‘o tafe faka-hahake mei he matafanga ‘o ‘Aositelelia mo ‘Initonisia ‘o tolona ai ‘a e konga tahi mafana ‘o ‘auhia ki he hahake ‘o e Pasifiki ‘o a’u ki he matafanga ‘o ‘Amelika Tonga (South America). ‘Oku makatu’unga ‘i he mafana ‘a e tahi ‘a e ‘ao’aofia mo e ‘uha ‘i he hahake ‘o e Pasifiki pea pehe foki ki he ’ikai to e mapuna hake ‘a e fafanga fakaenatula mei kilisitahi pea hoko ai ‘a e fetukutuku ‘a e anchoveta ki ha kongatahi ‘oku mahu mo ma’u ai ‘a ‘enau fiema’u.

‘Oku fakatupu ‘e he mavahe ‘a e kongatahi mafana mei he hihifo ‘o e Pasifiki ‘a e la’ala’a mo e matangi malohi ‘i he tukuifonua ‘o e feitu’u ni ‘o uesia lahi ai ‘a e mo’ui ‘a e kakai. ‘Oku hoko ma’u pe ‘a e me’a ni lolotonga ‘a e faha’ita’u kilisimasi pea ko e ‘uhinga ia na’e ui ai ‘e he kau toutai ‘o Peru ‘a e tukunga ni ko e El Nino.

Fa, ‘oku nofo ‘a e kongatahi mafana ‘i he hahake ‘o e Pasifiki ‘i ha lau mahina pe a’u pe ‘o ta’u ‘e taha pea faifai pe kuo mafuli ‘o tafe ‘a e ‘au ki he hihifo makatu’unga ‘i he to e malohi mai ‘a e havili mei he hahake. ‘E hokohoko atu ‘a e tolona ‘a e kongatahi mafana kae’oua leva kuo ne fa’aki ki he matafanga faka-hahake ‘o ‘Aositelelia mo ‘Initonisia pea kamata leva ke to e ‘ao’aofia mo to ‘a e ‘uha ‘i he tukuifonua ki he hihifo ‘o e Pasifiki pea ko e kakato ia ‘a e vilotakai ‘a e kongatahi mafana ‘i he Pasifiki pea to e foki pe ‘a e tukunga ki he La Nina pe konga momoko ‘o e ENSO.

Nima, ‘oku fakapapau’i ‘e he kau saienisi talamatangi ‘a e hoko ‘a e El Nino pea mei hono fua ‘a e mamafa ‘o e ‘etimosifia/’atā ‘i Darwin, ‘Aositelelia pea mo Papeete, Tahiti pea pehe foki ki he mafana ‘o e tahi ‘i he feitu’u lotoloto mo e hahake ‘o e Pasifiki. Kapau ‘oku mavahe mei he angamaheni ‘o mamafaange ‘aupito (anomaly)‘a e ‘etimosifia ‘i Papeete fakafehoanaki mo Darwin pea ma’olungaange mo e fua mafana ‘o e tahi ‘i he hahake fakafehoanaki ki he lotoloto ‘oe Pasifiki pea ‘oku tala ‘e he tukunga ko ‘eni ‘oku hoko ‘a e El Nino.

Ono, ‘oku pehe ‘e he ma’u’anga tala (literature) na’e fuofua fakatokanga’i ‘ehe kau toutai ‘o Peru ‘a e El Nino ‘i he senituli 17 ‘o nau faka’apē ‘oku tupu ‘a e fetukutuku ‘a e anchoveta mei honau potutahi koe’uhi ko e mafanaange ‘a e tahi. Na’e toki fakapapau’i fakasaienisi kimui ta na’e mo’oni pe ‘a e faka’apē ‘a e kau toutai ‘o Peru.

Fitu, ko e mafulifuli ‘a e ‘ENSO mei he La Nina ki he El Nino pea to e foki ki he La Nina pea hokohoko pehe aipe ‘oku ne fakamanatu mai ‘a e ‘ulungaanga mo’ui fakasiakale ‘a natula. Ko e mo’ui fakasiakale ko e mo’ui ia ‘oku kanokato mo fengaue’aki kae ‘ikai hangē ko e mo’ui lineale ‘o fakafalala he fe’au’auhi mo e siokita.

Valu, ‘oku ou tui na’e ‘i ai pe mo e a’usia ‘a e kakai tu’ufonua ‘o e tukuifonua ‘o e Pasifiki koe’uhi he ‘oku tau tui na’e hoko ‘a e la’ala’ā, ‘uhalahi, afā ‘o uesia lahi ai ‘a e ngaahi ma’u’anga mo’ui hangē ko e toutai, ngoue mo e nimamea’a. Kaekehe, ‘oku te’eki ai ke tau fanongo ki ha tala ‘o hangē koia na’e fai ‘e he kau toutai ‘o Peru pea ‘oku totonu ke fai ha fekumi ki he kaveinga ni ‘i hotau tukuimotu.

Faka’osi, ‘oku uesia lahi ‘ehe to’u El Nino ko ‘eni ‘oku lolotonga hoko ‘a e tukunga ‘o e mo’ui ‘i Tonga ni ‘o tatau pe ‘i he ngoue, toutai, nimamea’a, takimamata, lotu moe ha fua. Na’a ku toki fanongo he ongoongo ki he palopalema fekau’aki mo e ‘ikai malava ke totongi fakafoki ‘a e no ‘a e kau to hina ‘o e ta’u kuo’osi makatu’unga mei he’ikai ma’u ha fo’i hina taau ke uta ki he maketi koe’uhi ko e la’ala’ā.

Na’e to e hu’ekina foki ‘i he ongoongo ‘a e fekuki ‘a e kainga ‘o e Funga Fonua mo e honge vai lahi koe’uhi ko e si’isi’i ’a e ‘uha ‘o tupu ai ‘a e ‘ikai ke to e tafe ha vai ki he matavai ‘oku taki mei ai ‘a e ma’u’anga vai ‘a e kainga. ‘Oku lahi pe mo e ngaahi a’usia tamaki kehe ‘a e kakai pea ‘oku talamai ‘e he me’a ni ‘oku totonu ke tokanga ‘a e Potungaue MEIDECCC ke vahevahe ma’u pe ‘a e ‘ilo mo e taukei felave’i mo e ENSO koe’uhi kae mahino ki he kakai pea lava ai foki ke fai ha tokateu ki he fa’ahinga fakatamaki fakaenatula ko ‘eni.