Raw Mark (Māka To’ofua) mo e Standard Score (Māka Tulifua) Konga 2 ^Featured

Konga 2:
Ko e hoko atu pe eni ‘eku fakamatala ki he raw mark (māka to’ofua) pea mo e ngāue ‘oku fai ki he māka to’ofua ‘o hoko ai ko e standard score (māka tulifua). ‘Oku ‘ikai foki keu ‘oatu ‘a e ‘u ‘ekuasi fakafika ‘oku fakatefito ai ‘eku fakamatala koe’uhi ke nounou pe ‘eku fakamatala pea lava ke lau ‘e ha taha pe.

Kapau te tau fokotu’utu’u laini taha e māka to’ofua mei he si’isi’itaha ki he lahitaha ko e ‘avalisi ko e māka ia ‘i he konga loto ‘o e laini. ‘Oku kalasi e tolu e ‘avalisi (mean, median, mode), pea ‘oku lava ai ke ngāue’aki e kalasi ‘e ua (mean, median) ke liliu e māka to’ofua ki he māka tulifua ka ko e taha pe ‘oku ou ngāue’aki heni, ‘aia ko e “mean”, he koia ‘oku lahi taha hono faka’aonga’i koe’uhi ko hono ngāhi ‘ulungaanga ‘oku hohoatatau mo e ngāhi fiema’u fakame’angāue ‘a e fika-sitatisitika ki he ngāhi fakatotolo fakasaienisi.

Neu ‘osi lave ki he ‘uhinga ‘o e “mean” pea mo e “variance” ‘i he konga ‘uluaki. Ko e founga hono liliu e māka to’ofua ki he māka tulifua ‘oku kole ‘a e ‘avalisi mei he māka to’ofua pea toki vahevahe’aki e fo’i fua ‘oku ui ko e “standard deviation”. Kapau ‘e liunga’aki e “standard deviation” ‘a e “standard deviation” ‘e ma’u mei ai e “variance” [Ko ia ‘i hono ma’u e “variance” te tau “square root” leva ia ke ma’u e “standard deviation”].   

Ko e ‘uhinga hono kole ‘o e 'avalisi (mean)mei he maaka to'ofua pea toki vahevahe’aki e ‘avalisi ‘o e faikehekehe ‘i he māka to’ofua mo hono ‘avalisi kae lava ke ‘oange ki he ‘avalisi ‘o e māka to’ofua ‘a e māka tulifua ko e 0 (noa). Koia ai ko kinautolu ‘oku tatau ho nau māka to’ofua mo e ‘avalisi (mean) ‘oku ‘oange kia nautolu ‘a e māka tulifua ko e 0 (noa) pea ko e ‘alu ke ma’olungaange māka to’ofua mei he ‘avalisi ‘oku kaka ai pe mo e māka tulifua ka ‘i he ‘ene mama’oange mei he ‘avalisi ‘oku holo e vave ‘ene kaka ‘o māmālieange pea ‘e ala ngata ‘ene kaka ‘i he 3.8. Ko e me’a tatau pe ‘oku hoko  ‘i he ma’olaloange māka to’ofua mei he ‘avalisi ‘oku hifo ai pe mo e māka tulifua pea ‘i he ‘ene mama’oange mei he ‘avalisi ‘oku holo e vave ‘ene hifo ‘o māmālieange pea ‘e ala ta’ofi mei he -3.8.

Ko e fakahoa leva ‘oku makatu’unga ia ‘i he māka tulifua na’e fika’i mei he ‘avalisi ‘a ia ko e fakafofonga tau’atāina ia ‘o e māka to’ofua ‘a e tokotaha kotoa na’e kau he sivi. ‘Oku mahino ‘ene tau’atāna he na’e fika’i mei he kotoa ‘o e kau sivi kae ‘ikai makatu’unga e fakahoa ‘i he māka to’ofua ‘o ha tokotaha pe mei he tamaiki na’e sivi ‘i ha fo’i lesoni.

‘Oku fu’u mahu’inga ke fai e liliu koe ni ki he māka tulifua koe’uhi he ‘oku fu’u ma’olunga e matamata ‘e kehe ‘a e ‘avalisi (mean) pe ko e “variance” ‘o e lesoni mei he lesoni ‘i ha fo’i ta’u (tau pehē 2015), pea kapau ko e lesoni tatau, ‘e kehe ‘a e ‘avalisi (mean) pe ko e “variance” mei he ta’u ki he ta’u (tau pehē 2014 mo e 2015). Ko e fiema’u foki ke lava ke fai e fakahoa ‘o e tamaiki ako ‘i he ta’u tatau (tau pehē 2015), pea toe lava foki ke fakahoa ‘i ha ngāhi vaha’a ta’u kehekehe (tau pehē fakahoa e ola ‘o e 2014 mo e 2015). Pea ‘oku ou fie fakamahino pe heni ko e founga fakafika mo fakasaienisi ki hono fakahoko ‘o e fatongia ko eni ‘oku taha pe ko e ngāue’aki e māka tulifua.

‘Oku mafulifuli foki e “variance (‘avalisi ‘o e faikehekehe)” ‘o fakatatau ki he tokolahi ‘o e tamaiki ‘oku sivi ‘i ha fo’i lesoni ‘o tupu eni mei hono tefito’i natula ke holo ‘o si’isi’iange ‘i he ‘ene tokolahiange ‘a e tamaiki ‘oku sivi ‘i he lesoni. Ko ia ko e si’isi’iange ‘a e “variance” ‘oku holo ai pe mo e “standard deviation” pea ko e fo’i mo’oni fakaFika, ‘oka holo e mata’ifika ‘oku fai’aki e vahevahe ka e tu’uma’u e  mata’ifika ‘oku fai ki ai e vahevahe, ‘e tupu e mo’oni ‘o lahiange. Koia ‘oku lava ke hoko eni ke ma’olungaange māka tulifua ‘i ha lesoni ‘oku tokolahiange ‘a e kau sivi ai neongo e tatau ‘a e māka to’ofua ‘o kapau ‘oku tatau mo e ‘avalisi (mean). Ko e fo’i ‘ulungaanga foki eni ‘e ala faka‘uhinga’i’aki ‘a e kehekehe ‘i he ngāhi ‘apiako tokolahi mo ia ‘i he ngāhi ‘apiako tokosi’i ‘o hangē ko e fakamatala ‘o e lāunga ki he māka tulifua neu fanongo ai. Kapau ko e mo’oni eni ‘o e lāunga pea ‘oku tonu ke mahino mei he ‘uhinga ‘oku ou talanoa ki ai ‘oku ‘ikai ko ha polopalema ia ‘o e māka tulifua.

 ‘Oku toe ‘amoange e polopalema mo e māka to’ofua ‘i he taimi ‘oku tau fakahoa ai ha ongo lesoni ‘e 2, tau pehē ko ha ta’ahine ‘oku 80 ‘ene māka to’ofua ‘i he English ka e 92 ‘i he Fika (pea ko e māka haohaoa koe 100 ‘i he ongo lesoni fakatou’osi) pe ko fe lesoni na’e saiange ‘i he ‘ene sivi. Ko e fakahoa leva ‘oka makatu’unga ‘i he māka to’ofua ko ‘ene Fika ‘oku saiange ka ‘oku malava pe ko e tokolahitaha ‘o e kau sivi na’a nau ma’u e māka to’ofua ma’olunga ‘i he Fika pea ‘oku ‘i ai e ni’ihi ‘oku nau ma’u e māka to’ofua ma’olungaange hangē ko e 93, pe lahiange ka kapau ko e English ko e māka to’ofua ma’olungataha ‘a e 80 ‘e hala leva e fakama’opo’opo ‘oku fai.

Kaikehe, ko e ‘uhinga eni ‘oku ngāue’aki ai e māka tulifua he ‘e ma’olungaange māka tulifua ‘o e 80 ‘i he 92 pea ‘oku fai hono fakahoa mei he kotoa ‘o e māka to’ofua ‘o e tamaiki na’e sivi ‘i he ongo lesoni takitaha. Kapau tau pehē ko e māka haohaoa ki he sivi English ko e 90 ka e 100 e sivi Fika, ‘oku toe fu’u mahinongofuaange heni ‘a e ta’e’aonga ‘a e māka to’ofua koe’uhi he’ikai tene lava ke fai ha fa’ahinga fakahoa ‘i he fakatātā ko eni. ‘Oku to e fakailifiaange e fehalaaki ‘a e fakahoa makatu’unga he māka to’ofua ‘oka lahiange lesoni pea toe lesoni kehekehe ka tau feinga ke fakahoa ha ongo tamaiki ‘e toko ua. Ko e tokolahiange ‘o e tamaiki sivi ko e lahiange ia ‘o e polopalema.

Ko e puipuitu’a ena ‘o e ‘uhinga ‘oku ngāue’aki ai e māka tulifua kae ‘ikai ko e māka to’ofua. ‘I he ‘eku fa’a sio ‘i he ngāhi lipōti ‘a e tamaiki ako ‘oku ‘ikai ‘asi ha māka tulifua ‘oku faka’ilonga kole hangē ko e -2.33 pea ‘oku ne talamai kia te au ‘oku ‘iai e founga ‘oku fakafika’aki e māka tulifua ‘e he ngāhi ‘apiako ke faingofua hono ngāue’aki (code) ‘o lava ai ke liliu e faka’ilonga kole ke nau tu’u tānaki (positive) kotoa kae faingofua e fakahoa. ‘Oku ‘ikai foki ha polopalema ia heni he neongo ‘oku kouti (code) ka ko hono fakafaingofua’i pe ia ‘a e fakahokohoko ‘o e māka tulifua ke faingofuaange hono fakahoa.

‘I he fakamatala tukuaki’i ‘o e polokalama komipiuta, ko e polopalema neu mahamahalo ki ai, ‘o kapau ko e mo’oni ia ko e polokalama komipiuta ‘oku hoko ai e polopalema, ko e seti ‘o e lahi ‘o e vilo (loop) ‘a e polokalama ‘oku fu’u si’isi’i pea fepaki (crash) ‘o he ai e polokalama. Kai kehe koe’uhi ‘oku ‘ikai ha’aku ma’u totonu koe fe me’a totonu ‘oku ngāue’aki ‘e he Potungāue Ako ‘oku ou vahevahe atu ai e ki’i fakamatala ko eni na’a tokoni ke ne fakamahino ‘oku laka e taimi pea tau fa’o mesiume pe “toki tonga” he ko e kuonga eni ia ‘o e “chain saw”.

Mālō
Tu’a’ofa.