Ko e Vā ‘o e Maaka Mata mo e Maaka Moho Featured
Hūfanga Dr ‘Ōkusitino Māhina
Ko e Vā ‘o e Maaka Mata mo e Maaka Moho
(Raw Marks Versus Cooked Marks)
Fai ‘e Hūfanga Dr ‘Ōkusitino Māhina
‘Oku ngāue‘aki ‘ehe kau faiako (moe kau faisivi) ha ngaahi me‘afua koe founga ke fua‘aki ‘ae tu‘unga ‘oe (si‘i moe lahi) ‘ae ‘ilo (moe poto) ‘ae fānauako he‘enau ako -- ‘aia koe fekumi kihe ‘ilo (moe poto) -- ‘o hangē koe ongo me‘afua ‘oku ou ui fakaTonga koe maaka mata (raw marks) moe maaka moho (cooked marks).
‘Oku ou ui ‘ae “standardised scores” koe sikoa (pē maaka) fakatatau / fakasitanitati / faka‘avalisi -- ‘aia ‘oku ‘uhinga tatau pē ‘ae “score” (sikoa) moe maaka (mark) -- ‘o hangē pē ko ‘ena toe ‘uhinga tatau moe grade (kuleiti) moe point (poini) -- ‘aia ‘oku ‘uhinga kotoa kihe futautau ‘ae tu‘unga ‘oe (si‘i moe lahi) ‘ae ‘ilo (moe poto) ‘aha ta‘ahineako / tamasi‘iako.
Fakatokanga‘i ange ‘oku ui fakaTonga kotoa ‘ae “maaka,” “sikoa,” “kuleiti” moe “poini” koe “kai” – ‘aia koe “lau maaka,” “lau sikoa,” “lau kuletiti” moe “lau poini” koe “lau kai.” ‘Oku ‘ikai toe ngāue‘aki ‘ae “lau kai” he ako fakaUesite kae ngāue‘aki ‘ae “lau maaka,” “lau sikoa,” “lau kuletiti” moe “lau poini” kae kei ngāue‘aki ‘ae “lau kai” he ako fakaTonga – ‘o hangē koe faiva lafo (‘o hangē koe, ‘oua ‘e matalafo laukai) moe faiva ‘akapulu (‘o hangē koe “kai” lahi ‘aha timi ‘iha timi).
‘Oku ‘iai ‘ae me‘afua ‘e tolu (3) ‘oku ngāue‘aki hono fuatautau ‘ae tu‘unga ‘oe ‘ilo (moe poto) ‘ae fānauako – ‘aia koe maaka mata (raw marks) – ‘aia koe “maaka mata ma‘u fakahangatonu fakapeseti mo fakamata‘ifika” (number-based marks / grades) -- ‘o hangē koe lau mata‘ifika 60 mei he lau mata‘ifika 100 (‘aia koe lau peseti 60/100) moe maaka moho (cooked marks) – ‘aia ‘oku mangaua koe “maaka moho filio‘i fakatatau fakatafa‘aki, faka‘avalisi, fakasitanitati mo fakamata‘itohi” (letter-based marks / grades) – ‘o hangē koe lau mata‘itohi C- kihe C kihe C+ moe “maaka moho filio‘i fakatatau, fakatafa‘aki, faka‘avalisi, fakasitanitati mo fakamatematika-fakasetisitika (GPA-based marks / grades) – ‘o hangē ko hono fetanakiaki, fekoleaki moe fevahevahe’aki.
‘Oku ‘uhinga ‘ae maaka mata (raw marks) kihe maaka ‘oku “ma‘u fakahangatonu” mei hono fua (pē sivi) ‘ae tu‘unga ‘ilo (moe poto) ‘ae ta‘ahineako / tamasi‘iako pea ‘uhinga ‘ae maaka moho (cooked marks) kihe maaka ‘oku ma‘u mei hono “filio‘i fakatafa‘aki” mei he “maaka fakahangatonu” ‘ae ta‘ahineako / tamasi‘iako – ‘aia ko hono “maaka mata” (raw marks). Teu fakatātā: ‘Oku ma‘u fakahangatonu ‘ae “talo mata” ke haka – ‘o kamata hono filio‘i fakatafa‘aki hono tele mo tofi pea lolo‘i‘aki ‘ae niu ‘o tafu he afi ‘o hoko koe “talo moho” – ‘aia ‘oku liliu kotoa ‘ae anga ‘oe talo mei he‘ene mata ki he‘ene moho.
‘Oku ‘iai leva ‘ae fehu‘i, ‘Oku kei ‘iai nai ha anga (fuo moe uho) ‘ae “talo mata” (raw taro) ‘oku kei toe ma‘u hili hono filio‘i, fulihi mo liliu kihe anga (fuo moe uho) ‘oe “tala moho” (cooked taro) – ‘aia ‘oku na kei tatau nai hona anga (fuo moe uho) pē ‘oku kehekehe hona anga (fuo moe uho) – ‘o hangē pē koe fehu‘i: ‘Oku kei ‘iai nai ha anga (fuo moe uho) ‘ae “maaka mata” (raw marks) ‘oku kei toe ma‘u hili hono filio‘i, fulihi mo liliu kihe anga (fuo moe uho) ‘oe “maaka moho” (cooked marks)? (‘Oku kei fiema’u ke kei hokohoko atu hono talanoa, talave mo talanga lahi, malohi mo lelei ‘eni).
‘Oku ‘ikai ha me‘afua ‘e haohaoa (‘o mahalo ‘e toki ma‘u ‘i Langi) – ‘aia ‘oku nau takitaha pe ‘ae MALOHINGA moe VAIVAINGA – ‘o hanga ‘ehe “maaka mata” (raw marks) ‘o FAKA‘A‘ATA‘ATĀ ‘ae mohu ‘atamai moe ‘ta‘emohu’ ‘atamai fakatoulōua ke VAVANGA – ‘one FAKAHIKI ‘ae ako ki ‘OLUNGA mo OLO ‘OLUNGA-- kae hanga ‘ehe “maaka moho” (cooked marks) ‘o FAKANGATANGATA ‘ae mohu ‘atamai moe ‘ta‘emohu’ ‘atamai fakatou‘osi ke FASIMANAVA – ‘one FAKATOOKI ‘ae ako ki LALO mo OLO LALO. (‘Oku kei fiema’u ke kei hokohoko atu hono talanoa, talave mo talanga ‘eni).
‘Oku ma‘u leva mei he ngaahi ‘uhinga tefito koia ‘ae vivili ‘oe feinga ke vakili, filihi mo fokihi ‘ae me‘afua lelei taha he vaha‘a ‘oe “maaka mata” (raw marks) moe “maaka moho” -- ‘o fa‘ahinga ‘e ua koe “maaka moho filio‘i fakatatau fakatafa‘aki, faka‘avalisi, fakasitanitati mo fakamata‘itohi” (letter-based marks / grades) moe “maaka moho filio‘i fakatatau, fakatafa‘aki, faka‘avalisi, fakasitanitati mo fakamatematika-fakasetisitika (GPA-based marks / grades). ‘E lava noa pē ke kumi ‘eni neongo ‘ene matu‘aki fepakitu‘u, fihitu‘u mo faingata‘a – ‘o ‘ikai lau taha ki honau MALOHINGA moe VAIVAINGA – KA KOE FOKOTU’U KE FEFE KE NGĀUE‘AKI MO HIKITATAUTOHI KOTOA ‘AE NGAAHI ME‘AFUA ‘E TOLU (3) he ngaahi tohifakamo‘oniako / tulenisikilipi / lekooti‘akatemika ‘ae fānauako – ‘O TOKI TUKU PĒ KIHE NGAAHI ‘UNIVESITI MOE NGAAHI ‘APINGĀUE / NGĀUE‘ANGA ‘AE TAHA PĒ KOTOA ‘AE NGAAHI ME‘AFUA ke nau ngāue‘aki.
‘Oku fu‘u ma‘uhinga fau ke vete fakaako ‘ae kaveinga ni kae ‘ikai ke vete fakapolitikale he ‘oku ‘ikai kāinga ‘ae fakaako ( ‘aia ‘oku humaki he ‘ilo, mo‘oni moe maama) moe fakapolitikale (‘aia ‘oku hunuki he mafai, loi moe fakapō‘uli) – ‘o hangē tofu pē koe lea mālie ‘oku fa‘a hake ki mo‘unga he ngaahi lotu mo hifo mei mo‘unga he ngaahi malanga: “‘Oku ‘ilo pē ‘ehe laumālie ‘ae ngaahi me‘a fakalaumālie pea ‘ilo pē ‘ehe matelie ‘ae ngaahi me‘a fakamatelie.” ANFF leva e malanga kae tau, tofa soifua lou afioga.
Fai ‘e Hūfanga Dr ‘Ōkusitino Māhina
Professor of Art, Culture & Critical Anthropology &
Dean Inquiry & Research
Moana University of Technology, Tongatapu &
Vava ‘u Academy for Critical Inquiry & Applied Research, Vava‘u
KINGDOM OF TONGA
11 comments
-
'Oku ou malie'ia 'i hono ngaue 'aki 'e Hufanga 'a e talo mata moe talo moho he 'oku ne 'omai 'a e kakano'i mo'oni pe 'uhinga 'a e kehekehe 'o e kakano 'o e tu'unga fakaako mei he fonua ki he fonua. Hange ko 'eni Toketa mei Lusia 'ikai lava ma'u ngaue faka-Toketa 'i Nu'usila 'aki 'a e tu'unga fakaako 'a Lusia.
Talo mata vs Talo moho. 'Okapau teu hu atu ki ha peito pea 'oku muimui mai 'iate au ha fu'u puaka (tulou moe ha'ofanga ni) pea 'oku 'i he peito ha fo'i talo 'mata moha fo'i talo 'osi tele, moho pea na'e lolo'i. 'I hoku konisenisi mo'ui 'oku 'iai 'a e 'ilo fekau'aki mo e naunau 'oku 'i he fo'i talo mata moe naunau 'oku 'i he fo'i talo moho. Neongo 'ena fakatou fo'i talo ka kuo na tu'unga kehekehe 'i he kakano.pea KO AU leva teu faka-fai kehekehe'i kinaua 'a ki 'eku hangatonu atu pe 'o to'o 'a e fo'i talo moho 'o kai he 'oku ou mahino'i koe kakano koe 'o e fo'i talo moho 'e 'aonga ia kiate au. Koe hu atu koe 'a e fu'u puaka he'ikai tene 'ilo 'e ia 'a e kehekehe 'oe ongo fo'i talo. 'E kamata pe 'ene kai 'ana he fo'i talo ofi taha pea a'u atu ki he fo'i talo 'e taha pea 'ihe'ene 'osi 'ikai kene 'ilo 'e ia 'a e kehekehe 'a e me'a na'ane kai. Koloa pe ki ai ke fonu hono kete kae hoko atu 'e ne fakapelepela.
Neongo 'a e mahu'inga 'a e tamasi'i/ta'ahine ako ka koe tefito'i 'uhinga 'o e kehekehe 'a e tu'unga fakaako mei he fonua ki he fonua koe fa'u pe liliu 'enau silapa ako ke 'ako'i 'aki 'enau fanau 'o fakatatau ki he fiema'u honau takitaha fonua ki 'enau ngaahi langa fakalakalaka . Hange pe ko hono ngaue 'aki 'e he ngaahi fonua 'o e Uesite 'a e MAAKA MOHO ke tele, haka mo lolo'i 'aki 'enau fanau ako kae tuku ki tu'a 'a e MAAKA MATA. Koe taha foki 'a e RESOURCE FIEMA"U LAHI taha 'ae 'u fonua 'oe Uesite koe "SKILLED MIGRANT" pea 'oku 'iai 'a e tui ko hono ngaue 'aki ko 'eni 'o e maaka moho ke fakasi'isi'i 'a e fu'u to nounou ko 'eni 'i he ngaahi fonua 'o e Uesite.
Oku fakatooki 'e Tonga 'a e maaka moho 'aki 'a e 'uhinga koe to lalo 'a e tu'unga faka ako moe lahi 'a e fai angahala pea koe 'uhinga fakapolitikale ia. Totonu ke tau sio ki he fiema'u fakalakalaka hotau ki'i fonua pea tukuange ki he kau mataotao 'oe ako ke nau fai 'a e faka'uto'uta he kuo shift 'a e ako he koe kuonga 'eni 'o e tekinolosia.
Kai kehe kuo 'i moana 'a e vaka 'o e potungaue ako mo 'ene 'eiki vaka 'ikai ha toe tafoki pea 'oku 'oatu 'a e talamonu he na'e hange kia te au ko 'enau tukufolau na'e 'ikai toe kehekehe ia mei he kai talo 'a e fu'u puaka.
Malo
Lowe
Houma Vava'u -
KĀTAKI NUANGA..."Fakamaama ki homau 'uto he kuo fonu ia 'i he fakapo'uli...kapau kuo mahino kiate au vale ngangaú...'Oku totonu ke mahino ki he kau Potó"?
'E fēfē ke mahino kiate koe 'a e fakamatala mei he ongo pone 'a e PM, 'o kapau 'oku talamai 'e he kau mataotaó 'oku fehālaaki 'ena fokotu'utu'u, pea 'e palopalema'ia ai 'a e fonuá, mo e ako 'a e fānaú? 'Oku 'ikai tali 'a e Raw Marks 'e he ngaahi 'iunivēsití.
Kuo 'osi hoko 'a e faingatā'ia 'a e fonuá, mo e fānauakó. 'Oku mahino mai ko e vili kikihi pe 'a e kau valé ke tu'u 'enau fakakaukau ako mutukū. -
SI'OTO 'OFA, PROF. MĀHINA...KĀTAKI HE TUAI E MAHINO'Í HO'O FA'UTOHÍ- Tokolahi 'o kimautolu 'oku 'ikai kemau anga ki he fakamatala faka-'atamai (academic writing). 'Oku faka-ikiiki, pea toe momoikiange 'a hono holoki 'o e ngaaahi tefito'i fakakaukaú ke mahino taautaha, mo e ngaahi faka-'uto'utá (hypotheses) 'i ho'o 'ēseí.
Kātaki kau lau Nepituno...'E mahino vaveange 'o kapau tetau fehu'i, pe tetau feinga ke mahino'i 'a e ngaahi fo'i taumu'a taakitaha. 'Oku tau hē holo kitautolu 'oka tau feinga ke mahino'i faka-lūkufua 'i he lau tu'otahá pe.
Ko e fa'utohi faka-'atamaí 'oku fokotu'utu'u ketau toutou foki mai ki ai 'o lau, pea toe lau, pea fakatotolo'i 'a hono mo'oni, pea te toe lau tu'o lahiange.
Mālō e ngåue Hufanga. -
Ngali movete e sikalamu 'a e kau to'a mei he Moana???....
-
Paeaivaha kapau ku mahino kia koe e issue ne 'uhinga kiai a Helu ne mahino kia koe 'eku 'uhinga.
'Aia 'i he fk'uhinga 'oku nofo mai ai a Helu 'oku mahino 'aupito he ko e vete fkfika fakasitetisitika. Ko e talanoa mai a Hufanga he feihaka fu'u mama'o fau ia meihe kaveinga. -
Siokita lahi. E tonu fk theory pe ia ka oku miliona maile mama'o meihe reallity. Koeha e ngaahi issue lalahi oe mamani he ahoni pea tau fkofi ai.Kapau ne ikai fulihi e doctor Wood e ako i Tonga oku tau kei fkfekiki pe he uhinga maalie kae langoa e fonua. Oku ikai koe ako kete avea ai he uhinga ka koe upgrade e standard of living.
-
Ko e analaiso eni e fiha a Hufanga oku ou lau mo 'eku fie ifi malisuana ia 'a'aku keu mahino'i, kataki pe Hufanga
-
sai tau ilo kou tui kokoe 'oku kei ta'emahino he o'oku 'ikai keu tui 'oku a'u ho'o tu'unga fakaako ki he me'a oku fakamatala ami 'e Mahina...
-
Tuku a mu'a Hufanga ne analogy noa'ia mo e ta'emahino ai e kakai
'Ai fk'uhinga ke fakaako -
Kataki mu'a Hufanga 'o tuku ho'o fknafala noa'ia he mala'e ku 'ikai ha'o 'ilo kiai.
'Oua e fktatau e tele haka moe feihaka ki he ngaue fksitetisitika felave'i moe maaka
'Oku 'ikai kehekehe ho'o fknafala ko eni mo me'a ko ena ne fktonutonu atu ai koe 'e Failo Taufa
Kataki pe kapau ku 'ikai hao 'ilo ki he 'analaiso fk-stats pea tuku mo e ma'uhala ai e kakai